If the festival is on Friday night, the following is added:

And it was evening and it was morning, the sixth day. The heavens, the earth, and all their hosts were finished. God declared complete on the seventh day, the work which He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had done. And God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it He rested from all His work which He had done in creation.

If the festival is on another night of the week, begin here: (On the Sabbath add words in parenthesis.)

Blessed at Thou, Eternal our God, Ruler of the universe, Creator of the fruit of the vine.

Blessed art Thou, Eternal, our God, Ruler of the universe, Who chose us from all peoples and exalted us from among the nations, by making us holy with His commandments. With love You gave us (the Sabbath for rest, and) the festivals for happiness, holidays and seasons for rejoicing; as this day (of Sabbath, and this day) of the Feast of Matzoth, the season of our freedom, which is a holy assembly, in remembrance of the going out from Egypt. For You have chosen us from all peoples to make us holy with (the Sabbath and) Your holy festivals (with love and favor) in joy and in happiness. Blessed art Thou, Who makes holy (the Sabbath and) and Israel and the festive seasons.

If the festival falls on Saturday night, add the following:

Blessed art Thou, Eternal our God, Ruler of the universe, Creator of light and fire.

Blessed art Thou, Eternal our God, Ruler of the universe, Who makes a distinction between the holy and the plain, between light and darkness, between Israel and the other nations, between the seventh day and the six days of work. You have made a distinction between the holiness of the Sabbath and the holiness of festivals, and You made the seventh day holier than the six days of work. You have distinguished and made holy Your people Israel with Your holiness. Blessed art Thou, Who makes a distinction between holiness and holiness.

Blessed art Thou, Eternal our God, Ruler of the universe, Who has given us life and sustenance and brought us to this happy season.

Leaning on the left side, drink the first cup of wine.

U'R'CHATZ

Wash your hands but do not say the blessing.

KARPAS

The master of the house then takes some parsley, or any green vegetable, and dips it into vinegar or salt water, and when it is distributed to every one at the table, they say the following blessing before they eat it.

Blessed art Thou, Eternal our God, Ruler of the universe, Creator of the fruit of the earth.

YACHATZ

The master of the house breaks the middle matzah in the plate, and leaving half of it there, he puts aside the other half till after supper, for the Afikoman.

MAGGID

Uncover the matzah and lift up the plate for all to see. The recital of the Haggadah begins with the following words:

This is the bread of affliction which our forefathers ate in the land of Egypt. All who are hungry---let them come and eat. All who are needy-- let them come and celebrate the Passover with us. Now we are here; next year may we be in the land of Israel. Now we are slaves; next year may we be free men.

The plate is put down, the matzah is covered, and the second cup of wine is filled. The youngest present asks the Four Questions.

Why is this night different from all other nights? 1) On all other nights we eat either leavened bread or matzah, unleavened; on this night why only unleavened bread? 2) On all other nights we eat herbs of any kind; on this night why only bitter herbs? 3) On all other nights we do not dip our herbs even once; on this night why do we dip them twice? 4) On all other nights we eat our meals in any manner; on this night why do we sit around the table together in a reclining position?

THE ANSWER

We were slaves of Pharaoh in Egypt and the Eternal our God brought us out from there with a strong hand and an outstretched arm. Now if God had not brought out our forefathers from Egypt, then even we, our children, and our children's children might still have been enslaved to Pharaoh in Egypt. Therefore, even were we all wise, all men of understanding, and even if we were all old and well learned in the Torah, it would still be our duty to tell the story of the departure from Egypt. And the more one tells of the departure from Egypt, the more is he to be praised!

It is told that Rabbi Eliezer, Rabbi Joshua, Rabbi Elazar the son of Azariah, Rabbi Akiba and Rabbi Tarfon sat all night in Bene-Berak telling the story of the departure from Egypt. Towards morning their students came to tell them that it was time for the morning prayers.

Rabbi Elazar the son of Azariah said: Here I am a man of seventy years, yet I did not understand why the story of the departure from Egypt should be told at night, until Ben Zoma explained it. The Bible commands us, saying: "That you may remember the day of your going out from Egypt all the days of your life." Ben Zoma explained: The days of your life might mean only the days; all the days of your life includes the nights also. The other sages, however, explain it this way: The days of your life refers to this world only, but all the days of your life includes also the time of the Messiah.

Blessed is the All-Present, blessed is He. Blessed is He Who gave the Torah to His people Israel. Blessed is He. The Torah speaks about four sons: one who is wise and one who is contrary; one who is simple and one who does not even know how to ask a question.

The wise son asks: "What is the meaning of the rules, laws and customs which the Eternal our God has commanded us?" You shall explain to him all the laws of Passover, to the very last detail about the Afikoman.

The contrary son asks: "What is the meaning of this service to you?" Saying you, he excludes himself, and because he excludes himself from the group, he denies a basic principle. You may therefore tell him plainly: "Because of what the Eternal did for me when I came forth from Egypt" I do this. For me and not for him; had he been there he would not have been redeemed.

The simple son asks: "What is this?" To him you shall say: "With a strong hand the Eternal brought us out of Egypt, from the house of bondage."

As for the son who does not even know how to ask a question, you must begin for him, as it is written in the Bible, "You shall tell your children on that day; This is done because of that which the Eternal did for me when I came forth out of Egypt."

One might think that the Seder ceremony should be performed on the first day of Nisan. The Torah therefore tells us "on that day"---on Passover. Saying "on that day," one might suppose that the Seder should be conducted during the daytime. But inasmuch as the Torah adds "Because of all this" I learn from it that the ceremony does not begin until the time when unleavened bread (matzah) and the bitter herbs are set before you---on Passover night.

Long, long ago our forefathers were worshippers of idols. Now the Eternal is our God and we worship Him. Even as the Bible tells us: "And Joshua said to all the people: Thus said the Eternal God of Israel: In days of old your forefathers lived beyond the river; that is Terah the father of Abraham and Nahor. They worshipped other gods. Then I took Abraham, your father, from beyond the river. I led him through the whole land of Canaan. Then I increased his family by giving him a son, Isaac. And I gave to Isaac two sons, Jacob and Esau. To Esau I gave Mount Seir as a possession, but Jacob and his sons went down to Egypt."

Blessed is God Who keeps His promises to Israel. Blessed is He. For God foretold the end of the bondage to Abraham at the Covenant of Sacrifices when He said to Abraham: "Know you that your children will be strangers in a land not their own. They will be enslaved there and will be oppressed four hundred years. The nation who will oppress them shall however be judged. Afterward they will come forth with great wealth.

This promise made to our forefathers holds true also for us. For more than once have they risen against us to destroy us; in every generation they rise against us and seek our destruction. But the Holy One, blessed be He, saves us from their hands.

Come and learn what Laban the Syrian tried to do to our father Jacob. While Pharaoh decreed only against the males, Laban desired to uproot all. For so it is written: "A Syrian sought to destroy my father; and he went down to Egypt and dwelled there, a handful, few in number. There he became a nation, great, mighty and numerous."

"He went down to Egypt"---Why did he go down to Egypt?" He was compelled by God's decree.

"He dwelled there." This means that Jacob our father did not go down to Egypt to settle there but only to stay for short while; for so it is said, "And they said to Pharaoh, we have come to dwell in the land because there is no pasture for the flocks of your servants, since the famine is very bad in the land of Canaan; and now let your servants dwell in the land of Goshen."

"Few in number"---as it is said: "Your forefathers went down into Egypt with seventy persons. Now the Eternal your God has made you as numerous as the stars in heaven."

"And there he became a nation"---from this we learn that Israel became a distinct nation in Egypt.

"Great and mighty"---as it is said: "And the children of Israel were fruitful and increased and multiplied and became very strong and numerous, so that the land was full of them.

"And numerous"---as it is said: "I have increased you as the growth of the field and you have become numerous and grown big and reached to excellence in beauty. You are fully grown, yet you remained naked and bare.

"And the Egyptians did evil unto us and they made us suffer. They set upon us hard work."

"And the Egyptians did evil unto us"---as it is said in the Bible: "Come, let us deal craftily with them, lest they increase yet more, and it may be that when war occurs they will be added to our enemies and fight against us and go up out of the land."

"And they made us suffer"--as the Bible relates: "So the Egyptians set taskmasters over them in order to oppress them with their burdens; and they built Pithom and Raamses as store cities for Pharaoh."

"And they set upon us hard work"--as the Bible states: "And Egypt made the children of Israel labor rigorously." "So we cried unto the Eternal, the God of our fathers, and the Eternal heard our voice, and He saw our affliction, and our burden, and our oppression."

"So we cried unto the Eternal, the God of our father"--as the Bible recounts: "And it came to pass in the course of those many days that the King of Egypt died, and the children of Israel moaned because of their servitude and cried out, and their outcry from their servitude came up unto God."

"And the Eternal heard our voice"---as the Bible tells: "And God heard their groaning, and God remembered His covenant with Abraham, with Isaac and with Jacob."

"And He saw our affliction"--this phrase suggests the enforced separation of husband and wife under Pharaoh's persecution, as it is written: "and God saw the children of Israel and God understood their plight."

"And our burden"--this recalls the drowning of the male children, as it is said: "Every son that is born you shall cast into the Nile, but every daughter you may keep alive."

"And our oppression"---this refers to crushing our lives, as the Bible says: "And I have seen the oppression with which the Egyptians are oppressing them."

"And the Eternal brought us forth from Egypt, with a strong hand, and with an outstretched arm, and with great terror, and with signs and wonders."

"And the Eternal brought us forth from Egypt"---not by a ministering angel, not by a fiery angel, not by a messenger, but by Himself, in His glory, did the Holy One, blessed be He, as the Bible records: "And I will pass through the land of Egypt on that night, and I will smite all the first- born in the land of Egypt from man to beast, and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgements. It is I, the Eternal."

"And I will pass through the land of Egypt"---I and not the ministering angel; "and I will smite the first-born in the land of Egypt"---I and not a fiery angel; "and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgements---I and not a messenger; "I, the Eternal---and no other." "With a strong hand"--this refers to the cattle plague, as it is said in the Bible: "Behold, the hand of the Eternal will be against the cattle that is in the field, against the horses, the donkeys, the camels, the oxen and the sheep, a very grievous plague."

"And with an outstretched arm"--this refers to the sword, as the Bible states: "His sword, drawn in his hand, outstretched against Jerusalem."

"And with great terror"---this refers to the Revelation of God to Israel, as it is said: "Has any god ever tried to go and remove one nation from the midst of another nation, with trials, with signs and wonders, and with battle, and with strong hand and outstretched arm, and with great terrors, as all that the Eternal your God did for you in Egypt before your eyes?"

"And with signs"---this refers to the rod of Moses, as it is said, "And you, Moses, shall take in your hand this rod with which you shall do the signs."

"And wonders"--this refers to the plague of blood, as is written in Scripture: "I will show wonders in the heavens and on the earth."

1---BLOOD
2---FIRE
3---PILLARS OF SMOKE."

Another interpretation is as follows:
"With a strong hand"----refers to two plagues; "with an outstretched arm"---two; "with great terror"---two: "with signs"---two; and "with wonders" refers to two plagues. Thus we have the ten plagues that the Holy One, blessed be He, brought upon the Egyptians in Egypt; and they are as follows:

Spill a drop of wine for each of the ten plagues:

1. Blood
2. Frogs
3. Vermin
4. Beasts
5. Cattle
6. Boils
7. Hail
8. Locusts
9. Darkness
10. Slaying of the first-born.

Rabbi Judah used to refer to the ten plagues by their Hebrew initials---

Rabbi Jose the Galilean said: How can one show that following the ten plagues in Egypt itself the Egyptians were smitten with fifty plagues at the Red Sea? Of one of the plagues in Egypt it is said, "the soothsayers said to Pharaoh, the plague is the finger of God," While at the Red Sea it is said, "And Israel saw the strong hand which the Eternal had shown against Egypt, and the people revered the Eternal and believed in the Eternal and His servant Moses." If one finger of God in Egypt caused ten plagues, we may assume from this that the whole hand of God at the Red Sea caused fifty plagues.

Rabbi Eliezer said: How can one show that every plague which the Holy One, blessed be He, brought in Egypt upon the Egyptians was fourfold in character? For it is said: "He sent against the Egyptians in His burning anger, Wrath, Indignation, Trouble, and the Messengers of Evil." This is to be interpreted that each plague descended with Wrath (1), Indignation (2), Trouble (3), and the sending of Messengers of Evil (4). If, then, the Egyptians in Egypt were stricken with ten fourfold plagues, making forty, then following the earlier interpretation, at the Red Sea they suffered two hundred plagues.

Rabbi Akiba said: In similar fashion you can show that every plague which the Holy One, blessed be He, brought in Egypt upon the Egyptians, was fivefold in character. Interpret the same verse to say, "He sent against the Egyptians His Burning Anger (1), Wrath (2), Indignation (3), Trouble (4), and the Messengers of Evil (5)." Thus, if the Egyptians in Egypt were stricken with ten fivefold plagues, making fifty, then at the Red Sea they suffered two hundred and fifty plagues.

How thankful must we be to God, the All-Present, for all the good He did for us.
Had He brought us out from Egypt and not executed judgement against them,
It would have been enough for us!
Had He executed judgment against them and not destroyed their idols,
It would have been enough for us!
Had He destroyed their idols and not slain their first-born,
It would have been enough for us!
Had He slain their first-born and not given us their belongings,
It would have been enough for us!
Had He given us their belongings, and not divided the sea for us,
It would have been enough for us!
Had He divided the sea for us and not brought us through it dry-shod and not drowned our oppressors in it,
It would have been enough for us!
Had He drowned the oppressors in it and not helped us forty years in the desert,
It would have been enough for us!
Had He helped us forty years in the desert and not fed us manna,
It would have been enough for us!
Had He fed us manna and not given us the Sabbath,
It would have been enough for us!
Had He given us the Sabbath and not brought us to Mount Sinai.
It would have been enough for us!
Had He brought us to Mount Sinai and not given us the Torah,
It would have been enough for us!
Had He given us the Torah and not brought us into the Land of Israel,
It would have been enough for us!
Had He brought us to the Land of Israel and not built for us the Holy Temple,
It would have been enough for us!
How much more so do we have to be thankful for the manifold and unbounded blessings of the All- Present God:
That He brought us out from Egypt,
And executed judgment against them,
And destroyed their idols,
And slew their first-born,
And gave us their belongings,
And divided the sea for us,
And brought us through it dry-shod,
And drowned our oppressors in it,
And helped us for forty years in the desert,
And fed us manna,
And gave us the Sabbath,
And brought us to Mount Sinai,
And gave us the Torah,
and brought us into the Land of Israel,
And built for us the Holy Temple where we could atone for all our sins.

Rabban Gamliel used to say: Whoever does not explain the following three symbols at the Seder on Passover has not fulfilled his duty.

THE PASSOVER OFFERING

The Passover Offering which our fathers ate in Temple days---what was the reason for it? It was because the Holy One, blessed be He, passed over the houses of our forefathers in Egypt, as it is written in the Bible: "And you shall say it is the Passover offering for the Eternal Who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt when He smote the Egyptians and spared our houses. And the people bowed their heads and worshipped."

This matzah which we eat, what is the reason for it? It is because there was not time for the dough of our ancestors in Egypt to become leavened, before the Ruler of all, the Holy One, blessed be He, revealed Himself to them and redeemed them, as it is told in the Bible: "And the dough which they had brought out from Egypt they baked into cakes of unleavened bread, for it had not leavened, because they were thrust out of Egypt and they could not tarry, nor had they prepared for themselves any provisions."

These bitter herbs which we eat---what is their meaning? They are eaten to recall that the Egyptians embittered the lives of our forefathers in Egypt, as it is written: "And they embittered their lives with hard labor: with mortar and bricks, with every kind of work which they made them do was rigorous."

In every generation one must look upon himself as if he personally had come out from Egypt, as the Bible says: "And you shall tell your son on that day, saying: "It is because of that which the Eternal did to me when I went forth from Egypt." For it was not alone our forefathers whom the Holy One, blessed be He, redeemed; He redeemed us too, with them, as it is said: "He brought us out from there that He might lead us to and give us the land which He pledged to our forefathers."

Therefore, it is our duty to thank and to praise in song and prayer, to glorify and extol Him Who performed all these wonders for our forefathers and for us. He brought us out from slavery to freedom, from anguish to joy, from sorrow to festivity, from darkness to great light. Let us therefore sing before Him a new song. Hallelujah--Praise the Eternal!

Hallelujah---Praise the Eternal. Praise, you servants of the Eternal, praise the name of the Eternal. Blessed be the name of the Eternal from now and for evermore; from the rising of the sun to its going down, praised be the name of the Eternal. Supreme above all nations is the Eternal; His glory is above the heavens. Who is like unto the Eternal our God, throne in exaltation, Who looks down to both the heavens and the earth? He raises up the poor from the dust, lifts up the needy from the ash-heap, to seat them with princes, with princes of His people; He makes the childless woman dwell in her household as a joyful mother of children.

Hallelujah---Praise the Eternal.

When Israel went forth from Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people of strange tongue, Judah became His sanctuary, Israel his domain. The sea beheld and fled, the Jordan turned back. The mountains skipped like rams, the hills like lambs. What ails thee, O sea, that thou didst feel, Jordan, that thou turnest back, you mountains that you skip like rams, you hills, like lambs? Tremble, thou earth, at the presence of the God of Jacob, Who turns the rock into a pool of water, the flint into a fountain of water.

Blessed art Thou, Eternal our God, Ruler of the universe, Who redeemed us and redeemed our forefathers from Egypt, and brought us to this night to eat thereon matzah and bitter herbs. Thus may the Eternal our God and God of our fathers, bring us to future feasts and festivals in peace; and to the upbuilding of Your city Jerusalem, and to the happiness of Your service, so that we may partake there of the ancient offerings. We shall then offer unto You a new song for our redemption and salvation. Blessed art Thou, Eternal, Who redeemed Israel.

THE SECOND CUP

Blessed art Thou, Eternal our God, Ruler of the universe, Creator of the fruit of the vine.

RACHTZAH

Blessed art Thou, Eternal our God, Ruler of the universe, Who made us holy with His commandments, and commanded us to observe the washing of the hands.

MOTZI AND MATZAH

Blessed art Thou, Eternal our God, Ruler of the universe, Who brings forth bread from the earth.

Blessed art Thou, Eternal our God, Ruler of the universe, Who made us holy with His commandments, and commanded us to observe the eating of matzah.

THE BITTER HERBS

Blessed art Thou, Eternal our God, Ruler of the universe, Who made us holy with His commandments, and commanded us to observe the eating of bitter herbs.

KORECH

In remembrance of the holy Temple, we do as Hillel did in Temple times: He put matzah and bitter herbs together and ate them as a sandwich, in order to observe literally the words of the Torah: "They shall eat it (the Passover offering) with matzah and bitter herbs."

SHULCHAN ORECH

TZAFUN

BAREKH

A PILGRIM SONG. When the Eternal brought the exiles back to Zion we were as in a dream. Our mouth was filled with laughter, and our tongue with song. The nations said: The Eternal has done great things for them. Yes, the Eternal did great things for us and we are very happy. Restore our good fortune, O Eternal, as dry streams that flow again. They that sow in tears reap in joy. Though the planter may weep as he carries seed to the field, he will yet return with joy, bearing the sheaves of grain.

If three men or more are at the table, the Grace is preceded by the following phrases. When ten men or more are present, then words in brackets are added.

The leader: Let us say grace.
All assembled: May the name of the Eternal be blessed from now and for evermore.
Leader: With the permission of all present, let us praise Him (our God) Whose food we have eaten.
All assembled: Blessed be He (our God) Whose food we have eaten and in Whose goodness we live.
All: Blessed be He and blessed be His Name.
Leader: Blessed art Thou, Eternal our God, Ruler of the universe, Who sustains the whole universe in His goodness, with grace, lovingkindness and mercy. He gives food to all, for His mercy endures forever. In His great goodness He never failed us with sustenance and may He never fail us, forever and ever, for the sake of His great Name. It is He Who provides for all, sustains all and is beneficent to all, preparing food for all His creatures whom He created. Blessed art Thou, Eternal, Who provides food for all.

We thank You, Eternal our God, for the goodly land which You gave us to our forefathers; and for bringing us out from the land of Egypt, O Eternal our God, and redeeming us from the house of bondage; and for Your covenant sealed in our flesh; and for Your Torah which You taught us; and for Your laws which You made known to us; and for the life of grace and lovingkindness which You have graciously bestowed upon us; and for the food we eat with which You nourish and sustain us at all times, daily, and at every season and at every hour.

For these blessings, Eternal our God, we thank You and bless You. May Your Name be blessed in the mouth of all the living at all times and for all time! Thus, do we fulfill Your command: "Thou shalt eat and be satisfied, and bless the Eternal your God for the goodly land which He has given thee." Blessed art Thou, Eternal, for the land and for our sustenance.

Eternal our God, have mercy on Israel Your people, on Jerusalem Your city and Zion the dwelling place of Your glory, on the royal house of David Your anointed, and on the great and holy Temple called by Your name. Our God, our Father, be Thou our Shepherd. Sustain us, support us and provide for all our needs, and Eternal our God, give us speedy relief from all our troubles. Eternal our God, may we never be brought to depend on gifts or loans from the hand of flesh and blood, but only on Your hand, full, open, abundant and generous. Thus shall we never be put to shame.

Eternal our God, by Your grace, strengthen us in Your commandments, particularly in the observance of the seventh day, this great and holy Sabbath. For it is a great and holy day given by You in love for rest and serenity. May it be Your will, Eternal our God, to grant us such repose that there shall be no sorrow, trouble, or sighing on our day of rest. And, Eternal our God, may we see Zion Your city comforted, Jerusalem Your holy city rebuilt, for You are the God of salvation and consolation.

Our God and God of our fathers, on this day of the Festival of Matzoth may there come before You the remembrance of us and our fathers, of Jerusalem Your holy city, of the Messiah son of David Your servant, and of all Your people of the house of Israel. May these come before You, and in tenderness, grace and mercy be heard and accepted with favor by You for life and peace, for deliverance and happiness. Eternal our God, remember us this day for happiness, for blessing and the good life. With a word of salvation and mercy have pity on us and save us. Our eyes are lifted towards Thee for Thou art a gracious and merciful God and King.

O rebuild Jerusalem the holy city soon in our days! Blessed art Thou, Eternal, Who will rebuild Jerusalem in His mercy. Amen.

Blessed art Thou, Eternal our God, Ruler of the universe, God our Father, our King, our Mighty One, our Creator, our Redeemer, our Maker, our Holy One, the Holy One of Jacob, our Shepherd and Shepherd of Israel, the good King Who does good to all. Even as He has daily done good to us, so may He continue to do good to us forever. Even as He has dealt bountifully with us, so may He ever bestow on us with boundless grace, lovingkindness and mercy, help, prosperity, blessing, salvation, consolation, sustenance and support, in life and peace and all that is good. And may we never know lack of anything good.

May the All-merciful rule over us forever.
May the All-merciful be blessed in the heavens and on the earth. May the All-merciful be praised for all generations and glorified and honored among us for all eternity.
May the All-merciful grant that our needs be supplied with dignity. May the All-merciful break the oppressor's yoke from our neck and lead us proudly to our land.
May the All-merciful send the fullness of blessing on this household and bless this table at which we have eaten.
May the All-merciful send to us the prophet Elijah, of blessed memory, bearing good tidings of deliverance and comfort.
May the All-merciful bless this house and all assembled here, us and all that is ours. May He bless us all together with perfect blessing, even as our ancestors Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were blessed with every manner of blessing, and let us say, Amen.

On high may there be invoked for them and for us such grace as shall ever be a safeguard of peace. Then shall we receive blessing from the Eternal and righteousness from the God of our salvation, and may we find grace and understanding in the eyes of God and of man.

May the All-merciful grant us a day that shall be altogether Sabbath and repose in eternal life.

May the All-merciful make us worthy of seeing the days of the Messiah and life in the world to come. He is a tower of salvation to His king and shows kindness to His anointed, to David and his seed forever. May the Creator of harmony in the heavens create peace for us and for all Israel, and let us say, Amen.

Venerate the Eternal, you His holy ones, for those who revere Him suffer no want. Even young lions may lack and know hunger, but they who seek the Eternal shall not lack any good, for His mercy endures for ever. Thou openest Thy hand and satisfiest every living thing. Blessed is the man who trusts in the Eternal, and the Eternal is his stronghold. I have been young, now I am old; and I have not seen a righteous man forsaken or his children begging bread. The Eternal will give strength to His people; the Eternal will bless His people with peace.

Blessed art Thou, Eternal our God, Ruler of the universe, Creator of the fruit of the vine.

Pour out Thy wrath upon the nations that know Thee not, and upon the kingdoms that call not upon Thy Name; for they have consumed Jacob and laid waste his habitation. Pour out Thy rage upon them and let Thy fury overtake them. Pursue them in anger and destroy them from under the heavens of the Eternal.

Not unto us, O Eternal, not unto us, but unto Thyself give glory, for Thy mercy and Thy truth. Where fore should the nations say, "Where now, is their God?" Our God is in heaven and He does what He wills. Their idols are silver or gold, the work of human hands. They have a mouth but speak not; they have eyes but they see not; they have ears but the hear not; they have a nose but they smell not; they have hands but feel not; they have feet but walk not; they make no sound in their throat; like them are those who make them and those who trust in them. Let Israel trust in the Eternal; He is their help and shield. Let the house of Aaron trust in the Eternal; He is their help and shield. Let those who revere the Eternal, trust in the Eternal; He is their help and their shield.

The Eternal has been mindful of us; He will bless the house of Israel and the house of Aaron. He will bless those who revere the Eternal, the lowly and the great. May the Eternal increase you and your children. Blessed are you of the Eternal, the Maker of heaven and earth. The heavens are the heavens of the Eternal, and the earth He has given to the children of men. The dead praise not the Eternal, nor all who go down to the grave. But we will bless the Eternal, henceforth and forever. Hallelujah-Praise the Eternal.

I love the Eternal for he has heard my voice and my supplications. Because He has inclined His ear to me, I will call upon Him all my days. The struggles of death encompassed me, the agony of the grave seized me, trouble and sorrow met me. But I called upon the Name of the Eternal, "Eternal, I beseech Thee, save me." Gracious is the Eternal and righteous; our God is merciful. The Eternal watches over the simple; I was brought low and He saved me. Be at rest again, O my soul, for the Eternal has dealt bountifully with me; for He has saved me from death, my eyes from tears and my foot from stumbling. I shall yet walk before the Eternal in the lands of the living. I had faith even when I said, "I am greatly afflicated." Only in my haste did I say: "All men are deceitful."

What can I render unto the Eternal for all his benefactions to me? I will lift up the cup of salvation, and proclaim the Name of the Eternal. My vows unto the Eternal I will fulfill; would it were in the presence of all His people! Costly in the eyes of the Eternal is the death of His pious servants. I pray, O Eternal, for I am Thy servant, I, Thy servant, child of Thy handmaid; Thou hast loosed my bonds. To Thee I will offer thanksgiving sacrifice, and call on the Name of the Eternal. My vows to the Eternal I will fulfill; would it were in the presence of all His people, in the courts of the Eternal, in the midst of thee, O Jerusalem! Halleluyah---Praise the Eternal.

Praise the Eternal, all nations, laud Him, all peoples, for great is His mercy toward us, and the faithfulness of the Eternal is forever. Halleluhay-- -Praise the Eternal.

Give thanks to the Eternal for He is good;
His mercy endures forever,
Let Israel say:
His mercy endures forever.
Let the house of Aaron say:
His mercy endures forever.
Let those who revere the Eternal say:
His mercy endures forever.

Out of my straits I called upon the Eternal; He answered me by setting me free. The Eternal is for me, I shall not fear. What can man do unto me? The Eternal is my helper and I shall see victory over my enemies. It is better to trust in the Eternal than to rely on man. It is better to trust in the Eternal than to rely on princes. The nations beset me; in the name of the Eternal I will surely cut them down. They surround me, yea, they encompass me; in the Name of the Eternal I will surely cut them down. They encompass me about like bees; they will be quenched as a fire of thorns; in the Name of the Eternal I will surely cut them down. They thrust at me that I might fall, but The Eternal supports me. The Eternal is my strength and song, He has become my salvation. Hark, the joyous song of victory is heard in the tents of the righteous; the right hand of The Eternal does valiantly. The right hand of the Eternal is exalted; the right hand of The Eternal does valiantly. I shall not die, but live and declare the works of the Eternal. Though The Eternal has indeed chastened me, He has not given me over to death. Open to me the gates of the righteous, I will enter them to praise The Eternal. This is the gate of The Eternal, the righteous shall enter it.

I will give thanks unto Thee for Thou hast answered me, and become my salvation.
The stone which the builders rejected has become the cornerstone.
This is the work of The Eternal; it is marvelous in our eyes.
This is the day The Eternal has made; let us rejoice and be glad in it.
Eternal, we beseech Thee, save us.
Eternal, we beseech Thee, prosper us.
Blessed is he who comes in the Name of The Eternal; we bless you from the House of The Eternal.
The Eternal is God and has given us light. Bring the sacrifice bound with myrtle to the very horns of the altar.
Thou art my God and I will give thanks unto Thee; My God, I will extol Thee.
Give thanks to the Eternal for He is good; His mercy endures forever.
All Thy works, O Eternal, shall praise Thee; Thy pious servants, the righteous who do Thy will, indeed all Thy people the House of Israel, with joyful song shall give thanks, bless, praise, glorify, extol, revere, sanctify and enthrone Thy Name, O our King, for unto Thee it is good to give thanks, and unto Thy Name it is proper to sing praises, for Thou art God from everlasting to everlasting.

Give thanks to the Eternal for He is good;
For His mercy endures forever.
Give thanks to the God of gods;
For His mercy endures forever.
Give thanks to the Lord of lords;
For His mercy endures forever.
To Him Who alone performs great miracles;
For His mercy endures forever.
To Him Who made the heavens with wisdom;
For His mercy endures forever.
To Him Who spread the earth above the waters;
For His mercy endures forever.
To Him Who made the great lights;
For His mercy endures forever.
The sun to rule by day;
For His mercy endures forever.
The moon and stars to rule by night;
For His mercy endures forever.
To Him Who smote Egypt through their first-born;
For His mercy endures forever.
And brought Israel forth from among them;
For His mercy endures forever.
With a mighty hand and an outstretched arm;
For His mercy endures forever.
To Him Who divided the Red Sea;
For His mercy endures forever.
And brought Israel through it;
For His mercy endures forever.
Who drowned Pharaoh and his host in the Red Sea;
For His mercy endures forever.
To Him Who led His people through the wilderness For His mercy endures forever.
To Him Who smote great kings;
For His mercy endures forever.
And slew mighty kings;
For His mercy endures forever.
Sihon, king of the Amorites;
For His mercy endures forever.
And Og, king of Bashan,
For His mercy endures forever.
And gave their land as a heritage;
For His mercy endures forever.
A heritage to Israel, His servant;
For His mercy endures forever.
Who remembered us in our lowliness;
For His mercy endures forever.
And redeemed us from those who oppressed us;
For His mercy endures forever.
Who gives food to all;
For His mercy endures forever.
Give thanks to God of heaven,
For His mercy endures forever.

THE FOURTH CUP

Blessed art Thou, Eternal our God, Ruler of the universe, for the vine, and for the fruit of the vine, for the produce of the field and for that precious, good and spacious land which You gave to our ancestors, to eat of its fruit, and to enjoy its goodness. Have compassion, O Eternal our God, upon us, upon Israel Your people, upon Jerusalem Your city, on Zion the abode of Your glory, and upon Your altar and Your temple. Rebuild Jerusalem, Your holy city, speedily in our days. Bring us there, and cheer us with her rebuilding; may we eat of her fruit and enjoy her blessings; and we will bless You for this in holiness and purity. (On the Sabbath add: Be gracious to us and give us strength on this Sabbath day.) Grant us joy on this Festival of Matzoth, for You, O God, are good and beneficent to all; and we therefore give thanks unto You for the land and the fruit of the vine. Blessed art Thou, Eternal, for the land and the fruit of the vine.

ENDED IS THE PASSOVER SEDER ACCORDING TO CUSTOM, STATUTE AND LAW. AS WE WERE WORTHY TO CELEBRATE IT THIS YEAR, SO WE PERFORM IT IN FUTURE YEARS. O PURE ONE IN HEAVEN ABOVE, RESTORE THE CONGREGATION OF ISRAEL IN YOUR LOVE. SPEEDILY LEAD YOUR REDEEMED PEOPLE TO ZION IN JOY!

AND THUS IT HAPPENED AT MIDNIGHT!
Of old, most of the wonders You did perform at night. At the head of the watches is this very night. Full victory came to Abraham when he divided his company that night. It Happened at Midnight!
You judged the king of Gerar in a dream at night; You frightened Laban in the midst of the night; and Israel wrestled with an angel and prevailed at night.
It Happened at Midnight!
You struck down the first-born of Egypt at midnight; and terrified Midian with a loaf of bread in a dream at night; the armies of Sisera You swept away by the stars of the night.
It Happened at Midnight!
The Assyrian armies besieging Jerusalem were stricken at night; Bel and his pedestal were overthrown in the darkness of the night; to Daniel You revealed Your mysteries at night.
It Happened at Midnight!
King Belshazzar of Babylon who became drunk of the holy vessels was slain at night; Daniel who was saved from the lions' den interpreted the terrifying dreams of the night; Haman wrote his edicts of hate at night.
It Happened at Midnight!
You achieved Your victory over him in the sleeplessness of Ahaserus at night; You will tread the winepress for them that ask: "Watchman, what of the night?"; like the watchman, may he cry out: "The morning has come even as the night."
It Happened at Midnight!
May the day draw near which is neither day nor night. O God, make known that Yours is the day and also the night. Appoint guards over Your city all day and all night. Make bright like the day the darkness of the night.
It Happened at Midnight!

AND SAY: THIS IS THE PASSOVER FESTIVAL!
Your mighty power You did reveal on Passover. Above all festivals You did exalt the Passover. To Abraham You were revealed at midnight on Passover.
THIS IS THE PASSOVER FESTIVAL!
At the heat of the day You knocked at his doors on Passover. He prepared for his visitors cakes of unleavened bread on Passover. And he ran to the herd in anticipation of what we read on Passover.
THIS IS THE PASSOVER FESTIVAL!
The Sodomites provoked God and were consumed by fire on Passover. Lot separated from them and baked unleavened bread on Passover. You swept the land of Egypt when You passed through it on Passover.
THIS IS THE PASSOVER FESTIVAL!
You did smite the first-born on the watchnight of Passover. You did pass Israel's first-born on Passover. You permitted no destroyer to enter Israel's doors on Passover.
THIS IS THE PASSOVER FESTIVAL!
The walls of Jericho fell on Passover. Midian was destroyed by a loaf of barley bread measuring an Omer on Passover. The soldiers of Pul and Lud were burned in a mighty conflagration on Passover.
THIS IS THE PASSOVER FESTIVAL!
Sennacherib met disaster at Zion's gate on Passover. The hand wrote on the wall in Babylon on Passover. The table was set and all was arranged on Passover.
THIS IS THE PASSOVER FESTIVAL!
Queen Esther assembled the community to fast three days, at Passover. Haman was hanged on the gallows fifty cubits high on Passover. A twofold punishment You will bring on our enemies on Passover. Then Your right hand shall be uplifted as on this hallowed feast of Passover.
THIS IS THE PASSOVER FESTIVAL!

To Him it is fitting, to Him it is due.
Mighty in majesty, Supreme indeed! His legions sing to Him: Yours alone, O God is the world's sovereignty.
To Him it is fitting, to Him it is due.
First in majesty, Glorious indeed! His faithful sing to Him: Yours alone, O God, is the world's sovereignty.
To Him it is fitting, to Him it is due.
Pure in majesty, Powerful indeed! His attendants sing to Him: Yours alone, O God, is the world's sovereignty.
To Him it is fitting, to Him it is due.
Unique in majesty, Mighty indeed! His disciples sing to Him: Yours alone, O God, is the world's sovereignty.
To Him it is fitting, to Him it is due.
Exalted in majesty, Revered indeed! His angels sing to Him: Yours alone, O God, is the world's sovereignty.
To Him it is fitting, to Him it is due.
Humble in majesty, Redeemer indeed! His righteous sing to Him: Yours alone, O God, is the world's sovereignty.
To Him it is fitting, to Him it is due.
Holy in majesty, merciful indeed! His myriads sing to Him: Yours alone, O God, is the world's sovereignty.
To Him it is fitting, to Him it is due.
Almighty in majesty, Sustainer indeed! His upright sing to Him: Yours alone, O God, is the world's sovereignty.
To Him it is fitting, to Him it is due.

ADIR HU

God is Mighty! May He soon rebuild His Temple. Speedily, speedily, in our day, soon. O God, rebuild, O God, rebuild, rebuild Your Temple soon.

God is First, Great and Renowned! May He soon rebuild His Temple. Speedily, speedily, in our day, soon. O God, rebuild, O God, rebuild, rebuild Your Temple soon.

He is Glorious, Faithful and Just! May He soon rebuild His Temple. Speedily, speedily, in our day, soon. O God, rebuild, O God, rebuild, rebuild Your Temple soon.

He is Gracious, Pure, and Unique! May He soon rebuild His Temple. Speedily, speedily, in our day, soon. O God, rebuild, O God, rebuild, rebuild Your Temple soon.

He is Mighty, Wise and Majestic! May He soon rebuild His Temple. Speedily, speedily, in our day, soon. O God, rebuild, O God, rebuild, rebuild Your Temple soon.

He is Glorious, Exalted, and Strong! May He soon rebuild His Temple. Speedily, speedily, in our day, soon. O God, rebuild, O God, rebuild, rebuild Your Temple soon.

He is a Redeemer, Righteous and Holy! May He soon rebuild His Temple. Speedily, speedily, in our day, soon. O God, rebuild, O God, rebuild, rebuild Your Temple soon.

He is Merciful, Powerful, Almighty! May He soon rebuild His Temple. Speedily, speedily, in our day, soon. O God, rebuild, O God, rebuild, rebuild Your Temple soon.

EHAD MI YODEA

Who knows one? I know one. One is our God, in heaven and on earth.

Who knows two? I know two. Two are the tablets of the covenant; One is our God, in heaven and on earth.

Who knows three? I know three. Three are the patriarchs; two are the tablets of the covenant; One is our God, in heaven and on earth.

Who knows four? I know four. Four are the matriarchs; three are the patriarchs; two are the tablets of the covenant; One is our God, in heaven and on earth.

Who knows five? I know five. Five are the books of the Torah; four are the matriarchs; three are the patriarchs; two are the tablets of the covenant; One is our God, in heaven and on earth.

Who knows six? I know six. Six are the sections of the Mishnah; five are the books of the Torah; four are the matriarchs; three are the patriarchs; two are the tablets of the covenant; One is our God, in heaven and on earth.

Who knows seven? I know seven. Seven are the days of the week; six are the sections of the Mishnah; five are the books of the Torah; four are the matriarchs; three are the patriarchs; two are the tablets of the covenant; One is our God, in heaven and on earth.

Who knows eight? I know eight. Eight are the days before circumcision; seven are the days of the week; six are the sections of the Mishnah; five are the books of the Torah; four are the matriarchs; three are the patriarchs, two are the tablets of the covenant; One is our God, in heaven and on earth.

Who knows nine? I know nine. Nine are the months of childbirth; eight are the days before circumcision; seven are the days of the week; six are the sections of the Mishnah; five are the books of the Torah; four are the matriarchs; three are the patriarchs; two are the tablets of the covenant; One is our God, in heaven and on earth.

Who knows ten? I know ten. Ten are the commandments, nine are the months of childbirth; eight are the days before circumcision; seven are the days of the week; six are the sections of the Mishnah; five are the books of the Torah; four are the matriarchs; three are the patriarchs; two are the tablets of the covenant; One is our God, in heaven and on earth.

Who knows eleven? I know eleven. Eleven are the stars in Joseph's dream; ten are the commandments; nine are the months of childbirth; eight are the days before circumcision; seven are the days of the week; six are the sections of the Mishnah; five are the books of the Torah; four are the matriarchs; three are the patriarchs; two are the tablets of the covenant; one is our God, in heaven and on earth.

Who knows twelve? I know twelve. Twelve are the tribes of Israel; eleven are the stars in Joseph's dream; ten are the commandments; nine are the months of childbirth; eight are the days before circumcision; seven are the days of the week; six are the sections of the Mishnah; five are the books of the Torah; four are the matriarchs; three are the patriarchs; two are the tablets of the covenant; one is our God, in heaven and on earth.

Who knows thirteen? I know thirteen. Thirteen are God's attributes; twelve are the tribes of Israel; eleven are the stars in Joseph's dream; ten are the commandments; nine are the months of childbirth; eight are the days before circumcision; seven are the days of the week; six are the sections of the Mishnah; five are the books of the Torah; four are the matriarchs; three are the patriarchs; two are the tablets of the covenant; one is our God, in heaven and on earth.

HAD GADYA

One little goat, one little goat,
My father bought for two zuzim.

One little goat, one little goat.
Then came a cat and ate the goat
My father bought for two zuzim.

One little goat, one little goat.
Then came a dog and bit the cat,
That ate the goat,
My father bought for two zuzim.

One little goat, one little goat.
Then came a stick and beat the dog,
That bit the cat that ate the goat
My father bought for two zuzim.

One little goat, one little goat.
Then came a fire and burned the stick,
That beat the dog that bit the cat
That ate the goat
My father bought for two zuzim.

One little goat, one little goat.
Then came the water and quenched the fire,
That burned the stick that beat the dog
that bit the cat that ate the goat
My father bought for two zuzim.

One little goat, one little goat.
Then came an ox and drank the water,
That quenched the fire that burned the burned the stick,
That beat the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat
My father bought for two zuzim.

One little goat, one little goat.
Then came a shohet and slaughtered the ox,
That drank the water
That quenched the fire that burned the stick
That beat the dog that bit the cat
That ate the goat
My father bought for two zuzim.

One little goat, one little goat.
Then came the angel of death and killed the shohet,
That slaughtered the ox
That drank the water that quenched the fire
That burned the stick that beat the dog
That bit the cat that ate the goat
My father bought for two zuzim.

One little goat, one little goat.